What Can You Do With a Criminal Justice Degree?
Are you ready to discover your college program?
Criminal justice degrees provide a foundational understanding of the legal and judicial systems, which graduates can apply in various careers. While many people move into the law enforcement sector as police officers or investigators, there are several other career options to consider.
For example, criminal justice majors can pursue work as paralegals, court reporters, and private investigators. Others might consider more lucrative or advanced careers that require graduate degrees.
Common advanced degree options that pair well with criminal justice include law, social work, medicine, and forensic science. These programs might lead you to work in various criminal justice fields as a lawyer, clinical social worker, or forensic psychiatrist. Keep reading to discover the various career paths you can take as a criminal justice major.
Law Enforcement
Criminal justice majors often pursue law enforcement positions. While perhaps the most common careers include uniformed police officers and detectives, law enforcement offers opportunities to work as forensic science technicians and game wardens.
Law enforcement agencies hire many non-sworn personnel, like police dispatchers and crime analysts. Unlike sworn police officers, these civilian professionals don’t need to swear an oath to ensure the community’s safety and protection. They have no authority to arrest or carry firearms.
Explore popular sworn and non-sworn law enforcement career options below.
Patrol Officer
- Median Salary (2023): $72,280
- Job Outlook (2023-33): +4%
- Minimum Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Patrol officers typically work for police departments and county sheriff’s offices, responding to emergency and nonemergency calls. These uniformed officials complete routine patrols and carry out regular law enforcement activities, like implementing traffic laws, arresting suspects, and conducting investigations.
Patrol officers often work with detectives and other first responders as needed. While much of their work occurs in the field, patrol officers may also need to complete office work and testify in court.
Criminal Investigator
- Median Salary (2023): $91,100
- Job Outlook (2023-33): +2%
- Minimum Education: High school diploma or equivalent; some federal agencies may require a college degree
Criminal investigators, often called “detectives” within local law enforcement agencies, work with police officers and forensic science technicians to solve criminal cases. They gather evidence through research, interviews, and crime scene documentation.
Some criminal investigators find employment in the public sector, while others work as special agents for federal agencies like the FBI or the DEA. Depending on their agency and authority, investigators may carry out searches and arrests.
Fish/Game Warden
- Median Salary (2023): $60,380
- Job Outlook (2023-33): -5%
- Minimum Education: Bachelor’s degree in wildlife science or a related field
Fish and game wardens help protect both the people and wildlife resources by enforcing outdoor laws related to hunting, boating, and fishing. Responsibilities typically include monitoring nature reserves, issuing licenses, and executing search-and-rescue missions.
Some game wardens, also known as wildlife officers, focus on conservation efforts by collecting biological data and educating the public about wildlife care. Fish and game wardens may work for local, state, or federal agencies.
Forensic Science Technician
- Median Salary (2023): $64,940
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +14%
- Minimum Education: Bachelor’s degree in forensic science or a related field; associate degree may suffice for certain positions
Forensic science technicians analyze evidence to help criminal investigators, police officers, and lawyers solve crimes and settle criminal cases. Technicians often split their time between collecting crime scene evidence and analyzing their findings in laboratories. Common responsibilities include recording observations, cataloging evidence, completing chemical analysis, and preparing technical reports.
While some forensic science technicians complete general evidence analysis, others focus on specific techniques. Common specializations include fingerprint, ballistic, and blood spatter analysis.
Crime Analyst
- Average Salary (Sept. 2024): $53,910
- Job Outlook (2023-33): N/A
- Minimum Education: Bachelor’s degree in criminology, statistics, or a related field
Crime analysts support police departments in solving crimes and creating more effective operations. These non-sworn professionals, also referred to as public safety analysts and police information analysts, analyze crime patterns, research long-term problems, and proactively share information about development threats.
They may also help make data more accessible to law enforcement officers by implementing database software, training colleagues, and developing investigative reports.
Police Dispatcher
- Median Salary (2023): $48,890
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +4%
- Minimum Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Police dispatchers and 911 operators work as public safety telecommunicators, answering calls and messages from community members seeking help. They must calmly interact with people to collect relevant information and determine the type of emergency. If needed, dispatchers contact the correct first-responder group and track their arrival.
Operators and dispatchers typically work in communication centers as non-sworn law enforcement staff. However, some police and fire departments directly hire public safety telecommunicators.
Popular Online Criminal Justice Programs
Learn about start dates, transferring credits, availability of financial aid, and more by contacting the universities below.
Courts and Legal Services
Criminal justice majors typically complete courses in legal proceedings, the courts, and criminal trials, preparing them for work as court professionals. Some positions, like judges, require extensive education and experience. However, this criminal justice field also includes entry-level roles for criminal justice students and graduates. Review a few listed below.
Bailiff
- Median Salary (2023): $53,040
- Job Outlook (2033-33): -1%
- Minimum Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Bailiffs maintain order in courtrooms. They announce the arrival of the judge, instruct jurors and witnesses on where to sit, and escort files to the judge. Bailiffs also handle disturbances during trials by escorting people from the courtroom or removing jurors from the courthouse. Depending on the size of the court, the bailiff may also escort defendants from the courtroom or arrange lodging for jurors. Some bailiff jobs may require law enforcement training.
Criminal Defense Attorney
- Median Salary (2023): $145,760
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +5%
- Minimum Education: Juris doctorate; some states have alternative pathways
Criminal defense attorneys are legal specialists who represent people or organizations accused of criminal wrongdoing. They defend clients during legal and court proceedings by completing extensive legal research and preparation.
You can prepare for a career as a criminal defense lawyer with a bachelor’s degree in legal studies, criminal justice, or political science. Then, proceed to law school, specialize in criminal law, and pass your state’s bar examination.
Paralegal
- Median Salary (2023): $60,970
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +1%
- Minimum Education: Associate degree in paralegal studies; some employers may require a bachelor’s degree
Paralegals assist attorneys by providing legal support services. They file legal materials like motions, interview clients, and edit legal documents. Paralegals also accompany lawyers to court, edit briefs, and supervise junior paralegals.
They need strong written communication skills, knowledge of legal terminology, and familiarity with the legal system to perform their duties.
Court Clerk
- Median Salary (2023): $46,110
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +4%
- Minimum Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Court clerks handle administrative duties for courts. Their responsibilities typically include organizing records, scheduling hearings, setting up the courtroom, and fact-checking documents. Clerks also help with pre-court duties, like briefing judges and swearing in witnesses.
Since court clerks work with extensive documentation, they usually need technology experience. Interpersonal skills can also help when answering the public’s questions and contacting lawyers about upcoming hearings.
Legal Secretary
- Median Salary (2023): $50,680
- Job Outlook (2033-33): -5%
- Minimum Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Also called “administrative assistants,” legal secretaries typically work under paralegals or attorneys and prepare legal documents. They work on subpoenas, summonses, motions, or other documents essential to court proceedings.
Legal secretaries may also help with legal research, scheduling, and basic filing tasks. They typically don’t need a college education to launch a legal secretary career, although a criminal justice degree can provide the necessary understanding of legal terms and processes.
Court Reporter
- Median Salary (2023): $63,940
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +2%
- Minimum Education: Certificate in court reporting or a related field
Court reporters create written transcripts of court proceedings. These transcripts serve as official records of trials. During a trial, court reporters record statements from witnesses, attorneys, and judges. They may also read back portions of transcripts.
Some court reporters use stenotype machines to create a shorthand account of a trial, while others use recordings or software programs to create written transcripts. Court reporters typically receive specialized training through technical and/or vocational programs.
Corrections and Offender Rehabilitation
Corrections and rehabilitation form a critical part of the criminal justice system. Professionals in this sector work directly with people in custody to help maintain order and facilitate an effective reentry into communities and society.
Some corrections and rehabilitation positions only require a high school diploma or short-term training. However, a criminal justice degree can help professionals understand the legal processes and potentially land advanced roles.
Correctional Officer
- Median Salary (2023): $53,300
- Job Outlook (2033-33): -7%
- Minimum Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Correctional officers typically work in penal institutions like jails and prisons. They help maintain order by overseeing cell checks, diffusing conflicts, and supervising daily activities. Officers also write reports about incidents and behaviors, sometimes offering counseling.
While most of their duties occur within correctional facilities, officers often escort people in custody to other facilities, like hospitals or courtrooms. Considering the risk of physical conflict, correctional officers usually need to complete physical training and exercise self-discipline.
Probation/Parole Officer
- Median Salary (2023): $61,800
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +4%
- Minimum Education: Bachelor’s degree in criminal justice or a related field
Probation and parole officers supervise individuals released on conditional terms. These officers regularly call and visit parolees and probationers, checking on their rehabilitation progress. They may also offer support with things like professional training or substance use counseling.
Officers keep detailed reports and may need to testify in court. They typically work for state or local governments to ensure safety among communities.
Forensic Psychiatrist
- Average Salary (Sept. 2024): $215,000
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +4%
- Minimum Education: Doctor of medicine degree
Forensic psychiatrists work as licensed doctors but do not participate in the typical patient-doctor relationship. Instead, forensic psychiatrists help with court-ordered evaluations for civil and criminal cases. Typical responsibilities include evaluations for involuntary hospitalization, aid in sentencing, civil competence, and worker’s compensation.
The evaluation reports then serve as evidence, although psychiatrists may also need to testify. Forensic psychiatrists can work for correctional facilities or the court system, often while maintaining their own private practice.
Note: the salary data for this role reflects fewer than 50 respondents.
Victim Services
Criminal justice includes more than solving cases and preventing crime; it also offers protections for individuals affected by crime. Victim service professionals support survivors by offering counseling, intervention, healthcare, and advocacy.
They often work in healthcare and social work. Explore the different victim service careers listed below.
Forensic Nurse
- Average Salary (Sept. 2024): $61,040
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +6%
- Minimum Education: Bachelor’s degree in nursing; some employers may only require an associate degree in nursing
Forensic nurses are specialized registered or advanced practice nurses who assist survivors of sexual assault, violence, neglect, or abuse. They provide compassionate care, gather physical evidence for use in criminal prosecutions, and sometimes serve as expert witnesses in court.
To become a forensic nurse, you’ll need to follow the standard path to registered or advanced practice nursing licensure. Then, complete specialized training that meets the educational guidelines specified by organizations like the International Association of Forensic Nurses. Note: the salary data for this position reflects fewer than 50 respondents.
Forensic Social Worker
- Median Salary (2023): $63,770
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +5%
- Minimum Education: Master’s degree in social work
Forensic social workers provide counseling, mental status evaluations, and psychosocial assessments for individuals involved in civil and criminal cases. They advocate for each patient, helping break down barriers like criminalization and exploitation.
Casework typically varies for forensic social workers. For example, they may work on cases of juvenile arrest, divorce, elder abuse, or criminal offense. The workload can also depend on the employer. Forensic social workers may work for hospitals, prisons, nonprofit organizations, or the court system.
Victim Advocate
- Average Salary (Sept. 2024): $43,950
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +8%
- Minimum Education: Bachelor’s degree in social work or a related field
Victim advocates help survivors navigate a time of crisis or recover from experiencing crimes. For example, they may help survivors of domestic violence create exit plans and obtain services.
Victim advocates also work with law enforcement officers to support survivors during and after a trial. Some of these professionals offer counseling or run support groups.
Private Security and Investigation
Private security guards and investigators hold similar responsibilities as law enforcement officials. However, these unsworn professionals typically work for individuals, companies, or organizations rather than police departments.
While usually not required, a criminal justice background may help provide needed skills like research, critical analysis, and interrogation. Review the list below for specific private security and investigation jobs.
Private Investigator
- Median Salary (2023): $49,540
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +5%
- Minimum Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Private investigators (PIs) conduct investigations by performing surveillance, completing background checks, and analyzing documents. They help clients recover lost assets, find missing persons, and research financial fraud.
Private investigators may work in the field or in office settings, depending on the type of work. Their duties can include reviewing financial documents, locating witnesses, and serving legal documents. Bounty hunters and loss prevention associates are types of PIs.
Security Guard
- Median Salary (2023): $37,070
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +2%
- Minimum Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Security guards protect private property. They prevent theft, property damage, and vandalism by patrolling buildings, managing entrances, and keeping records of visitors. Security guards must respond to emergencies by restraining unauthorized visitors and contacting emergency personnel.
In addition to protecting against theft, security guards protect against safety violations and fires. The position requires variable hours, and some employers prefer candidates with backgrounds in criminal justice.
Insurance Investigator
- Median Salary (2023): $75,050
- Job Outlook (2033-33): -4%
- Minimum Education: High school diploma or equivalent
Insurance investigators typically research suspicious claims, looking for evidence of false injuries, exaggerated damage, arson, or other fraudulent acts. This job often requires fieldwork and odd hours relating to monitoring claimants and searching for evidence.
Insurance investigators primarily work for insurance carriers and brokerages, but some find employment with the federal government. These organizations often prefer investigators with criminal justice or private investigator backgrounds due to their analytical and interrogation skills.
Information Security Analyst
- Median Salary (2023): $120,360
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +33%
- Minimum Education: Bachelor’s in cybersecurity or a related field
Information security analysts protect companies’ data by implementing cybersecurity procedures. They install and manage security hardware devices and software applications, making sure that unauthorized users cannot access confidential data.
Information security analysts also train users on accessing secure data. When data breaches occur, they conduct investigations and implement system improvements to prevent future cyberattacks.
Academia and Research
Advanced criminal justice degrees can lead to respected positions in academia and research. These jobs might appeal to seasoned law enforcement officers looking to change careers, along with recent graduates hoping to effect change in the criminal justice field.
Discover a few academic- and research-focused positions for criminal justice professionals.
Criminal Justice Professor
- Median Salary (2023): $69,030
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +3%
- Minimum Education: Doctorate in criminal justice or a related field; some schools (such as community colleges) may only require a master’s degree in criminal justice
Criminal justice professors work at colleges and universities. They typically teach topics like criminal procedure and crime prevention. Besides preparing for and leading these courses, professors also advise learners and work closely with graduate students interested in the criminal justice field.
Some criminal justice instructors also lead research projects. Educators typically need to complete regular professional development hours to maintain their teaching positions.
Criminologist
- Median Salary (2023): $101,770
- Job Outlook (2033-33): +7%
- Minimum Education: Master’s degree in criminology or a related field; some employers may require a doctorate
Criminologists study patterns of criminal activity in specific geographic areas and use their analysis to propose potential solutions. In their duties, criminologists work with various stakeholders, including law enforcement, politicians, policymakers, and community members.
Criminologists may also play an active role in developing laws and social policies for deterring, preventing, or remediating criminal activity.
Frequently Asked Questions About Criminal Justice Fields
Is criminal justice a good career path?
Criminal justice can provide a good career path for students interested in learning about the legal system. It may also open up opportunities to move into related careers, like academia, legal professions, and social work.
What can you do with a criminal justice degree?
Graduates with bachelor’s degrees in criminal justice can pursue different jobs in law enforcement, such as FBI special agent and patrol officer. They may also apply for entry-level legal or court positions, like a court reporter or paralegal. Other careers for criminal justice graduates include probation officer and insurance investigator.
What is the highest-paid job in criminal justice?
High-paying criminal justice roles include forensic psychiatrist, lawyer, and judge — all careers that require advanced degrees. Payscale reports that, as of Sept. 2024, the average forensic psychiatrist’s salary reached $215,000, though this figure reflects fewer than 50 respondents. Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics indicates that lawyers and judges earn median salaries of $145,760 and $132,950, respectively. Bachelor’s degree-holders can earn $81,000-$129,000, on average, as FBI special agents.
What is the easiest career in criminal justice?
Fish and game wardens typically work in peaceful natural surroundings, which may be appealing if you’re seeking a low-stress career in criminal justice. Bailiffs also perform predictable and relatively light duties in courtroom settings. However, “easy” is a relative concept, and many of the more accessible jobs in criminal justice, such as security guards and correctional officers, involve significant safety risks.
What is the best criminal justice job for introverts?
The best criminal justice jobs for introverts might include research-heavy or laboratory positions like crime analyst or forensic science technician. While most careers involve some form of collaboration, these positions generally don’t require interrogations, court appearances, or interaction with the public. Other possibilities include court reporting, paralegal work, and private investigation.